Principles of Groundwater Flow
Hydraulic Head
How to measure it?
Validity and Applicability of Darcy’s Law
Equations of Flow – Confined Aquifers
Unconfined Aquifers
Direction of Groundwater Flow
Steady Flow in Confined Aquifer
Steady Flow in an Unconfined A quifer
Groundwater Divides
What about 2-d steady state
Sample Problem
Final Test
Direction of Groundwater Flow

Sample Problem
Wells are located at locations (x,y)=(0,0), (15,20) and (10,10) and the respective head at each well is 15,140 and 8 5. All units are in meters.
Calculate the head distribution assuming a confined aquifer.
Calculate the head distribution assuming an unconfined aquifer.
You obtain a fourth measurement at (x,y)=(5,5) where the head is approximately 50. Is the aquifer confined or unconfined?